Chocolate, as finished or semi-finished product, is made from cocoa beans that grow on cocoa trees. The cocoa tree is a tropical species that grows at low altitudes in a hot and humid climate, preferably in regions of the world near the equator. The main countries where cocoa is cultivated are, in order of production size, Côte d'Ivoire, Ghana, Indonesia, Nigeria, Cameroon, Brazil and Equator. More than 80% of the world's cocoa production comes from family farms of less than 5 hectares.
When the cocoa beans are ripe, they are manually removed from the pod. Then the beans are fermented and dried, then washed. It is with this raw material that the manufacture of chocolate begins. The beans are sold to large western industries such as Cargill or Barry Callebaut, who process 70% of the world's cocoa.
The beans are roasted, dehulled, crushed and kneaded. The chocolate is then crystallized and molded or coated. The finished product is packaged and distributed through sales channels.